{"id":7873,"date":"2026-04-08T12:12:15","date_gmt":"2026-04-08T16:12:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ems-ir.com\/?p=7873"},"modified":"2026-06-24T06:11:48","modified_gmt":"2026-06-24T10:11:48","slug":"portugal-nhr-tax-treaty-spain-pensions-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ems-ir.com\/es\/portugal-nhr-tax-treaty-spain-pensions-2026\/","title":{"rendered":"Espa\u00f1a: Nuevo cap\u00edtulo en la disputa fiscal con Portugal por el r\u00e9gimen de Residentes No Habituales"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Durante los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, la Administraci\u00f3n Tributaria espa\u00f1ola ha mantenido una interpretaci\u00f3n restrictiva respecto a los contribuyentes acogidos al r\u00e9gimen portugu\u00e9s de Residentes No Habituales (NHR). Tanto la Direcci\u00f3n General de Tributos (DGT) como el Tribunal Econ\u00f3mico-Administrativo Central (TEAC) han sostenido que este r\u00e9gimen no implica una \u201csujeci\u00f3n plena a impuestos\u201d, impidiendo que estos contribuyentes sean considerados residentes fiscales a efectos del Convenio para Evitar la Doble Imposici\u00f3n entre Espa\u00f1a y Portugal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esta interpretaci\u00f3n ha dado lugar a numerosas regularizaciones fiscales. En particular, pensionistas residentes en Portugal bajo el r\u00e9gimen NHR han visto c\u00f3mo sus pensiones de origen espa\u00f1ol pasaban a tributar en Espa\u00f1a, ya sea a trav\u00e9s del Impuesto sobre la Renta de No Residentes (IRNR), con retenciones que pueden alcanzar hasta el 40%, o incluso mediante el Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas F\u00edsicas (IRPF) cuando se les considera residentes fiscales en Espa\u00f1a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La posici\u00f3n del TEAC frente al criterio del Tribunal Supremo<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La postura del TEAC, reiterada en resoluciones de 2024 y 2025, ha sido clara: los certificados de residencia fiscal emitidos por Portugal no permiten aplicar autom\u00e1ticamente el Convenio, dejando a estos contribuyentes sujetos exclusivamente a la normativa interna espa\u00f1ola.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sin embargo, esta interpretaci\u00f3n entra en conflicto con la doctrina del Tribunal Supremo espa\u00f1ol, que ha establecido que los certificados de residencia fiscal emitidos por otro Estado con el que exista un convenio aplicable no pueden ser ignorados unilateralmente por la Administraci\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola cuando han sido expedidos precisamente a efectos de dicho Convenio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">El cambio de escenario en 2026<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El debate ha dado un giro relevante en 2026. La Autoridad Tributaria portuguesa ha aclarado, mediante una resoluci\u00f3n vinculante, que el r\u00e9gimen NHR constituye efectivamente un sistema de sujeci\u00f3n plena a impuestos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esto implica que los contribuyentes acogidos a este r\u00e9gimen deben ser considerados residentes fiscales a efectos del Convenio. En consecuencia, y de acuerdo con el art\u00edculo 18 del mismo, las pensiones privadas deber\u00edan tributar exclusivamente en el pa\u00eds de residencia, es decir, Portugal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aunque dichas rentas puedan beneficiarse de exenciones dentro del r\u00e9gimen especial, siguen estando sujetas al Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas F\u00edsicas portugu\u00e9s (IRS), lo que refuerza la existencia de una obligaci\u00f3n tributaria plena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Posibles implicaciones para los contribuyentes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este nuevo escenario podr\u00eda tener importantes consecuencias pr\u00e1cticas. Por un lado, abre la puerta a una posible revisi\u00f3n de la postura del TEAC, aline\u00e1ndola tanto con la interpretaci\u00f3n de las autoridades portuguesas como con la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo espa\u00f1ol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Asimismo, refuerza los argumentos para impugnar regularizaciones anteriores y aumenta las posibilidades de \u00e9xito de los contribuyentes afectados. En este contexto, tambi\u00e9n podr\u00edan plantearse solicitudes de devoluci\u00f3n de retenciones practicadas en Espa\u00f1a sobre pensiones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finalmente, no pueden descartarse efectos rec\u00edprocos que lleven a Espa\u00f1a a reconsiderar el tratamiento de su propio r\u00e9gimen de expatriados en su relaci\u00f3n con Portugal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La posici\u00f3n adoptada por la Administraci\u00f3n portuguesa refuerza significativamente la defensa de los contribuyentes acogidos al r\u00e9gimen NHR. Aunque cada situaci\u00f3n debe analizarse de manera individual, este nuevo criterio constituye un argumento relevante para cuestionar la tributaci\u00f3n en Espa\u00f1a y reclamar la correcta aplicaci\u00f3n del Convenio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cabe recordar que, aunque el r\u00e9gimen NHR fue eliminado en 2024, su aplicaci\u00f3n transitoria garantiza que esta controversia seguir\u00e1 siendo relevante durante los pr\u00f3ximos ejercicios fiscales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Fuente<\/em>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cuatrecasas.com\/es\/spain\/fiscalidad-contenciosa\/art\/residentes-no-habituales-convenio-portugal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Application of the Tax Treaty to \u2018Non-Habitual Residents\u2019 in Portugal.<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In recent years, the Spanish Tax Administration has maintained a restrictive interpretation regarding taxpayers benefiting from Portugal\u2019s Non-Habitual Resident (NHR) regime. Both the Directorate-General for Taxes (DGT) and the Central Economic-Administrative Court (TEAC) have argued that the regime does not constitute \u201cfull tax liability,\u201d preventing these individuals from being recognized as tax residents for the purposes of the Double Taxation Treaty between Spain and Portugal. This interpretation has resulted in numerous tax reassessments. In particular, pensioners residing in Portugal under the NHR regime have seen their Spanish-source pensions become taxable in Spain, either through the Non-Resident Income Tax (IRNR), with withholding rates that may reach up to 40%, or even under Personal Income Tax (IRPF) when they are deemed tax residents in Spain. The TEAC\u2019s Position Versus the Supreme Court\u2019s Doctrine The TEAC\u2019s position, reaffirmed in decisions issued in 2024 and 2025, has been clear: tax residency certificates issued by Portugal do not automatically allow taxpayers to benefit from the Treaty, leaving them subject exclusively to Spanish domestic tax rules. However, this interpretation conflicts with the doctrine established by the Spanish Supreme Court, which has held that tax residency certificates issued by another treaty partner country cannot be unilaterally disregarded by the Spanish Tax Administration when they have been issued specifically for the purposes of that treaty. A Turning Point in 2026 The debate took a significant turn in 2026. Through a binding ruling, the Portuguese Tax Authority clarified that the NHR regime does, in fact, constitute a system of full tax liability. This means that taxpayers covered by the regime should be considered tax residents for Treaty purposes. As a result, and in accordance with Article 18 of the Treaty, private pensions should be taxable exclusively in the country of residence \u2014 Portugal. Although such income may benefit from exemptions under the special regime, it remains subject to Portuguese Personal Income Tax (IRS), reinforcing the existence of full tax liability. Potential Implications for Taxpayers This development could have important practical consequences. On the one hand, it opens the door to a possible revision of the TEAC\u2019s position, bringing it into line with both the interpretation of the Portuguese authorities and the case law of the Spanish Supreme Court. It also strengthens the legal basis for challenging previous tax reassessments and increases the likelihood of success for affected taxpayers. In this context, claims for refunds of withholding taxes applied in Spain to pension income may also be considered. Finally, reciprocal effects cannot be ruled out, potentially leading Spain to reconsider the treatment of its own inbound expatriate tax regime in its relationship with Portugal. The position adopted by the Portuguese Tax Authority significantly strengthens the defense of taxpayers benefiting from the NHR regime. While each case must be assessed individually, this new interpretation provides a strong basis for challenging taxation in Spain and seeking the proper application of the Treaty. It is worth noting that, although the NHR regime was abolished in 2024, its transitional provisions ensure that this controversy will remain relevant for years to come. Source: Application of the Tax Treaty to \u2018Non-Habitual Residents\u2019 in Portugal.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6681,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[143,76],"class_list":["post-7873","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tax","tag-portugal","tag-spain"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ems-ir.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7873","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ems-ir.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ems-ir.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ems-ir.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ems-ir.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7873"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ems-ir.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7873\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8130,"href":"https:\/\/www.ems-ir.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7873\/revisions\/8130"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ems-ir.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7873"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ems-ir.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7873"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ems-ir.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7873"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}